Types of nuclear weapons
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Nuclear weapons have two basic types. The first type of explosion only generate energy from the fission process. Weapons of this type are generally named after the atomic bomb (atomic bomb, A-bombs). Energy is only produced from the nucleus.In fission-type weapons, period fissile material (highly enriched uranium or plutonium) is designed achieve supercritical mass - the amount of mass required to form-chain reaction by colliding a sub-critical material on the other grain (the "gun" method), or by compressing sub-critical sphere material using chemical explosives to reach the level of density several times higher than the original value. (The "implosion" method). The second method is considered more sophisticated than the first. And also the use of plutonium as the fissile material could only be in the second method.
The main challenge in all nuclear weapon design is to ensure as much as possible fission fuel consumed before the weapon was destroyed. The amount of energy released by fission bombs can range from about one ton of TNT to 500,000 tons (500 kilotons) of TNT.
The second type produces most of its energy through nuclear fusion reactions. This type of weapon is called thermonuclear weapons or hydrogen bombs (abbreviated as H-bombs), because this type is based on nuclear fusion process that combines hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium). Although, all these types of weapons to get most of their energy from the fission process (including fission neutrons produced due to the induction of the fusion reaction proceeds.) Unlike type fission weapon, the weapon had no restrictions on the amount of fusion energy can be generated from a thermonuclear weapon.
Basic Tellr-Ulam design work on the hydrogen bomb: a bomb fission produces radiation then compressing and heating the granular material fusion on the other part.
Thermonuclear weapon can function through a fission bomb which then compress and heat the fissionable material. At the Teller-Ulam design, which includes all multi-megaton thermonuclear weapons, this method is achieved by placing a bomb fission and fusion fuel (deuterium or lithium deuteride) at a distance adjacent in a special container that can reflect radiation. After the fission bomb didetonasi, gamma rays and X-rays generated compress fusion material, which is then memanasinya to thermonuclear temperatures. The resulting fusion reaction, then produce a high-speed neutrons very much, which then caused the nuclear fission materials typically not prone to cleavage, for example depleted uranium. Each component in this design is called "stage" (or stages). The first stage is the primary atomic fission and fusion bombs capsule container is a secondary stage. In the large hydrogen bombs, roughly half of the 'yield' and most of the nuclear fallout, came on the stage of depleted uranium fission. By stringing several stages which contain fusion fuel that is greater than the previous stage thermonuclear weapons could reach the "yield" infinite. Greatest weapon ever detonated (the Tsar Bomba of the USSR) released the energy equivalent of over 50 million tonnes (50 megatons) of TNT. Almost all thermonuclear weapons are smaller than these weapons, mainly because of practical constraints such as the need for such a small size and weight constraints of space which can be obtained at the head end rockets and missiles.
There are also other types of nuclear weapons, for example boosted fission weapon, which is a fission weapon enlarge 'yield' her with little use fission reactions. But this is not coming from the fission fusion bomb. In type 'boosted bombs, neutrons generated by the fusion reactions mainly serves to improve the efficiency of the fission bomb. examples of weapons designed for special purposes; neutron bomb is a thermonuclear weapon that produces a relatively small explosion, but with the amount of neutron radiation that much. The explosion of a nuclear weapon is followed by neutron radiation. Weapons of this type, in theory could be used to bring high casualties without destroying the infrastructure and only make a small fallout. Sprinkle nuclear weapons by certain substances (sebagain example cobalt or gold) a weapon called "salted bomb". Weapons of this type produce a very high radioactive contamination. Most of the variation in the design of nuclear weapons lies in the different "yield" for various purposes, and to achieve the smallest possible physical size.
Source: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata_nuklir